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Isopropylbenzene method is used to produce high purity phenol. It is a white crystal at room temperature with a freezing point of 40.7°C. It is soluble in ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, chloroform, carbon disulfide and benzene. Its downstream applications include propylene diol (bisphenol A), phenolic resins, epoxy resins, caprolactam, cyclohexanone, alkyl phenols and so on.
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Class | Aromatic alcohol; weakly acidic (pKa ~10) |
| Key Applications | – Resins: Phenolic plastics (Bakelite) – Nylon Precursors: Caprolactam synthesis – Disinfectants: Hospital-grade sanitizers (e.g., Lysol) |
| Production | – Cumenol Process: Cumene peroxidation (85% global capacity) – Benzene Hydroxylation: Using H₂O₂ or N₂O (eco-friendly routes) |
| Physical Properties | – Melting Point: 40.5°C – Boiling Point: 181.7°C – Viscosity: 7.5mPa·s @ 25°C |
| Toxicity | – LD₅₀ Oral (rat): 330mg/kg – Inhalation Risk: Irritant to mucosa – Chronic Effects: Liver/kidney damage, neurotoxicity |
| Environmental | – Biodegradation: Aerobic conditions (half-life ~14 days) – Water Solubility: 83g/L @ 25°C – EC50: 1.2mg/L (fish, 96h) |
| Safety Measures | – PPE: Full-body suits, respirators – Spill Response: Absorbent materials, sodium hydroxide neutralization – Storage: Below 30°C in sealed containers |
| Regulatory | – EPA: Listed as hazardous substance – EU REACH: Authorization required for ≥1t/yr – WHO: Priority chemical for risk management |
| Alternatives | – Green Solvents: Cyrene (bio-based) – Deep Eutectic Systems: Choline chloride mixtures – Enzymatic Processes: For selective reactions |
Note: Versatile industrial chemical with strict handling protocols. Transition to sustainable production methods and safer substitutes is ongoing due to toxicity concerns.
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₆H₆O |
| Melting Point | 40.5°C |
| Boiling Point | 181.7°C |
| Solubility | 8.3 g/100 mL water (25°C) |
| pKa Value | 9.95 (weak acid) |
| Compound | Structure | Key Difference |
|---|---|---|
| Phenol | C₆H₅OH | Aromatic, weakly acidic |
| Cyclohexanol | C₆H₁₁OH | Aliphatic, non-acidic |
| Cresol (o,m,p) | CH₃-C₆H₄OH | Methyl-substituted phenol |
| Industry | Application | Derivative Products |
|---|---|---|
| Plastics | Resin production | Bakelite, epoxy resins |
| Pharmaceuticals | Drug synthesis | Aspirin, antiseptics |
| Agriculture | Herbicide production | 2.4-D, 2.4.5-T |
| Cosmetics | Chemical peels | Skin exfoliants |
| Dyes | Intermediate | Azo dyes |
Toxicity: Corrosive (LD50 317 mg/kg rat oral)
Protection: Chemical gloves, goggles, ventilation
Storage: <30°C in stainless steel/aluminum containers
First Aid: Water flush (15 min skin/eye contact)
Cumene Process (90% global production)
Coal Tar Extraction
Toluene Oxidation
Phenol’s versatile chemistry maintains its status as a top industrial chemical. Future developments focus on greener production methods and novel high-value derivatives for specialty applications.
Declaration: The products displayed on this website are intended exclusively for industrial applications or scientific research. They are not intended for medical, pharmaceutical, or food use. In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, purchasing organizations must hold valid qualifications and approvals.
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