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Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)

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Paracetamol is the most commonly used non-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic drug. Its antipyretic effect is similar to aspirin, and its analgesic effect is weak. It has no anti-inflammatory and anti rheumatic effects. It is the best variety of acetanilide drugs. Especially suitable for patients who cannot use carboxylic acid drugs. Used for cold, toothache and other diseases. Acetaminophen is also an organic synthesis intermediate, a stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide, and a photographic chemical.,Disclaimer: The above content is for reference and communication only among industry insiders, and does not guarantee its accuracy or completeness. According to relevant laws and regulations and the regulations of this website, units or individuals who purchase related items should obtain valid qualifications and qualification conditions.

Introduction

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug with minimal anti-inflammatory effects. It is commonly employed for pain relief and fever reduction in both adults and children. Below are five detailed tables summarizing its properties, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and safety considerations.

Basic Chemical & Physical Properties

PropertySpecificationTest Method
Chemical nameN-acetyl-p-aminophenolIUPAC nomenclature
Molecular formulaC<sub>8</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>Chemical analysis
Molecular weight151.16 g/molMass spectrometry
Melting point168–172°CDSC/TGA analysis
Solubility in water14 mg/mL (25°C)USP solubility test

Pharmacokinetic Properties

ParameterValue/RangeRemarks
Bioavailability~80% (oral)Dose-dependent
Protein binding10–25%Low affinity
MetabolismHepatic (CYP2E1. CYP3A4)Forms glucuronide/sulfate conjugates
Half-life (t<sub>½</sub>)1–4 hoursProlonged in liver disease
ExcretionUrine (90%)Mostly as metabolites

Therapeutic Indications & Dosage

ApplicationAdult Dose (Oral)Pediatric Dose
Mild-to-moderate pain500–1000 mg every 4–6 hrs10–15 mg/kg/dose (max 75 mg/kg/day)
Fever reduction325–650 mg every 4–6 hrs10–15 mg/kg/dose (max 5 doses/day)
Maximum daily dose4000 mg (healthy adults)60 mg/kg/day (children)

Adverse Effects & Toxicity

EffectRisk LevelManagement
HepatotoxicityHigh (overdose)N-acetylcysteine (NAC) antidote
Skin reactions (e.g., SJS)RareDiscontinue immediately
Gastrointestinal upsetLowTake with food if needed
Renal toxicityRare (chronic overuse)Hydration & monitoring

Drug Interactions

Interacting DrugEffectRecommendation
Warfarin↑ INR (bleeding risk)Monitor coagulation
Alcohol (chronic use)↑ Hepatotoxicity riskAvoid excessive intake
CYP450 inducers (e.g., rifampin)↓ Paracetamol efficacyAdjust dose if needed
Opioids (e.g., codeine)Enhanced analgesiaMonitor for sedation

Conclusion

Paracetamol remains a first-line treatment for pain and fever due to its efficacy and safety at recommended doses. However, overdose can cause severe liver damage, necessitating strict adherence to dosing guidelines.

Declaration: The products displayed on this website are intended exclusively for industrial applications or scientific research. They are not intended for medical, pharmaceutical, or food use. In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, purchasing organizations must hold valid qualifications and approvals.

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