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GBL is a high-boiling solvent with strong solubility, good dielectric properties and stability, etc. It can be applied to extractants, dispersants, dyeing aids, etc. γ-Butyrolactone is also an important organic synthesis intermediate, which can be applied to biomedical materials, pharmaceuticals and pesticides and other fields.
gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL): Overview and Key Properties
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) |
| IUPAC Name | Dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one |
| Molecular Formula | C₄H₆O₂ |
| CAS Number | 96-48-0 |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | Mild, characteristic |
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 204–205°C (399–401°F) |
| Melting Point | −44°C (−47°F) |
| Density (20°C) | 1.128 g/cm³ |
| Refractive Index | 1.434–1.436 |
| Flash Point | 98°C (208°F) |
| Solubility | Miscible in water, ethanol, ether |
Production Methods
| Method | Process Description |
|---|---|
| Oxidation of 1.4-Butanediol | Catalytic dehydrogenation |
| Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride | Nickel or copper catalysts |
| Fermentation | Microbial conversion (emerging method) |
Applications
| Industry | Uses |
|---|---|
| Chemical Synthesis | Precursor for NMP, PVP, and pharmaceuticals |
| Electronics | Solvent for PCB cleaning, lithium-ion battery electrolytes |
| Pharmaceuticals | Intermediate for GABAergic drugs |
| Industrial Cleaners | Degreaser and paint stripper |
| Food & Flavoring | Artificial flavoring agent (regulated) |
Safety & Regulatory Status
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| OSHA PEL | Not established |
| Health Hazards | Irritant; potential CNS depressant |
| Regulatory Status | Controlled substance in some countries (precursor to GHB) |
| Storage | Keep in airtight containers, away from heat |
Comparison with Similar Solvents
| Solvent | GBL vs. Alternatives |
|---|---|
| NMP (N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone) | Less toxic but higher boiling point |
| THF (Tetrahydrofuran) | Better solvent for polymers, more volatile |
| DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) | Less penetrating, lower toxicity |
Environmental & Handling Data
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Biodegradability | Readily biodegradable |
| LD50 (Oral, Rat) | 1.500–2.000 mg/kg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.18 mmHg (20°C) |
Market Information
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Global Demand | ~50.000 tons/year |
| Price Range | $2–5/kg (industrial grade) |
| Major Producers | BASF, Mitsubishi Chemical, LyondellBasell |
Summary
GBL is a versatile solvent and chemical intermediate with applications in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial cleaning. While valued for its solvency and reactivity, its association with GHB production has led to regulatory restrictions in some regions. Proper handling and compliance with local laws are essential for safe use.
Declaration: The products displayed on this website are intended exclusively for industrial applications or scientific research. They are not intended for medical, pharmaceutical, or food use. In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, purchasing organizations must hold valid qualifications and approvals.
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