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Tetrahydrofuran is a colorless volatile cycloaliphatic ether made from 1.4-butanediol by dehydration. It is chemically neutral, highly polar and miscible with water. Tetrahydrofuran has excellent solvency for many organic substances and is a moderately polar, nonprotonic solvent. The chemical formula of cyclic ether is (CH2)4O.
| Name | Tetrahydrofuran |
| Synonyms | THF oxolane Furanidine Tetrahydrofuran Diethylene oxide Furan, tetrahydro- Butane, alpha,delta-oxide Cyclotetramethylene oxide Sodium tri-sec-butylborohydride 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-fluoren-9-one TETRAMETHYLENE ETHER GLYCOL 2000 POLYMER |
| CAS | 109-99-9 |
| EINECS | 203-726-8 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C13H12O/c14-13-11-7-3-1-5-9(11)10-6-2-4-8-12(10)13/h1,3,5,7H,2,4,6,8H2 |
| InChIKey | WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Molecular Formula | C4H8O |
| Molar Mass | 72.11 |
| Density | 0.887 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Melting Point | -108°C |
| Boling Point | 66 °C |
| Flash Point | 6 °F (-14 ℃) |
| Water Solubility | miscible |
| Solubility | water: soluble |
| Vapor Presure | <0.01 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.5 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.89 |
| Color | <10(APHA) |
| Odor | Ethereal, detectable at 2 to 50 ppm |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) (ACGIH,MSHA, and OSHA); STEL 250 ppm(ACGIH); IDLH 20,000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | [‘λ: 245 nm Amax: ≤0.26’, , ‘λ: 275 nm Amax: ≤0.046’, , ‘λ: 315 μm Amax: ≤0.0044’] |
| Merck | 14,9211 |
| BRN | 102391 |
| PH | 7-8 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with halogens, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, strong bases, oxygen. May generate explosive peroxides in storage if in contact with air. Highly flammable. |
| Sensitive | Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic |
| Explosive Limit | 1.5-12.4%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.465 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Characteristics of colorless transparent liquid, ether odor. boiling point 67 ℃ freezing point -108 ℃ relative density 0.985 refractive index 1.4050 flash point -17 ℃ solubility, ketone, benzene, Ester, ether, hydrocarbon miscible. |
| Use | Used as solvent, raw material of organic synthesis |
| Risk Codes | R36/37/38 – Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R36/37 – Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. R19 – May form explosive peroxides R11 – Highly Flammable R40 – Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect |
| Safety Description | S26 – In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 – Wear suitable protective clothing. S33 – Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S29 – Do not empty into drains. S16 – Keep away from sources of ignition. S46 – If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S37 – Wear suitable gloves. S13 – Keep away from food, drink and animal foodstuffs. |
| UN IDs | UN 2924 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | MD0916000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10-23 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29321100 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral (rat) 2880 mg/kg LC50 inhal (rat) 21,000 ppm (3 h) PEL (OSHA) 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) STEL (ACGIH) 250 ppm (737 mg/m3) |
| Category | Specifications |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Tetrahydrofuran |
| CAS No. | 109-99-9 |
| Molecular Formula | C₄H₈O |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Ether-like |
| Boiling Point | 66°C |
| Flash Point | -14°C (closed cup) |
| Density (20°C) | 0.89 g/cm³ |
| Vapor Pressure (20°C) | 19.3 kPa |
| Property | Performance Data |
|---|---|
| Solubility | Miscible with water/organic solvents |
| Refractive Index | 1.407 (20°C) |
| Autoignition Temp | 321°C |
| Purity | ≥99.9% (GC) |
| Industry | Primary Uses |
|---|---|
| Chemical Synthesis | Grignard reactions, polymerization |
| Pharmaceuticals | Solvent for APIs |
| Adhesives | PVC/urethane systems |
| Electronics | Lithium battery electrolytes |
| Parameter | Requirements |
|---|---|
| GHS Classification | H225, H302, H319, H335 |
| PPE | Gloves, goggles, explosion-proof ventilation |
| Storage | Nitrogen blanket, <30°C |
References:
Merck Index (16th Ed.)OSHA Standard 1910.1000Declaration: The products displayed on this website are intended exclusively for industrial applications or scientific research. They are not intended for medical, pharmaceutical, or food use. In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, purchasing organizations must hold valid qualifications and approvals.
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